The MANPADS strike back: Stinger and Starstreak uncovered

From the battlefields of Vietnam to today’s conflicts like the Ukraine-Russia War, MANPADS have become a prevalent force, known for their capability to down helicopters, jets, and other low-flying aircraft. Systems such as the Stinger and Starstreak have significantly impacted military engagements, creating a pervasive threat that extends into civilian aviation.

The Stinger missile, formally known as the FIM-92, was developed by the United States as a shoulder-fired, surface-to-air missile system. 

The Stinger’s primary purpose is to provide infantry units with a highly portable and effective means to engage and destroy enemy aircraft. 

As a result, it has played a significant role in the evolution of modern warfare, enabling smaller forces to challenge the air superiority of their adversaries. 

The development of the Stinger missile began in the late 1960s, prompted by the need for a more advanced and effective portable surface-to-air missile system. The US Army awarded the contract for the design and production of the Stinger to General Dynamics in 1972. After a series of tests, the missile entered service in 1981, replacing the less effective Redeye missile system.

The Stinger missile system has undergone multiple upgrades and improvements since its introduction in 1981. 

Just like the Stinger, Starstreak missiles have proven their relevance and effectiveness in the challenging battlefield scenarios witnessed in Ukraine. The high-speed, low-flying drones and aircraft, which are increasingly prevalent in modern conflict zones, have shown vulnerability to these short-range air defense systems.

The Starstreak missile is a renowned surface-to-air missile currently in service with the British Army and produced by Thales Air Defence, formerly known as Shorts Missile Systems. The missile’s development dates back to the 1980s, with the primary goal of replacing the existing Rapier missile system, which was a key element of Britain’s air defense arsenal.

The development process of Starstreak was a decade-long endeavor. It started in the late 1970s, and it went through a series of comprehensive tests and refinements before it was officially accepted into service in 1997. The main goal of the Starstreak missile system was to tackle the shortcomings of its predecessor, namely its vulnerability to electronic countermeasures and lack of versatility in engaging low-level, fast-moving targets.